1 00:00:50,260 --> 00:00:41,720 [Music] 2 00:00:50,270 --> 00:00:54,160 [Applause] 3 00:00:54,170 --> 00:01:06,030 [Music] 4 00:01:09,990 --> 00:01:08,400 hey welcome back again for another NASA 5 00:01:12,030 --> 00:01:10,000 at home spaceport series episode I'm 6 00:01:15,330 --> 00:01:12,040 Joshua Santora coming to you live from 7 00:01:17,070 --> 00:01:15,340 the Kennedy Space Center sort of as most 8 00:01:18,600 --> 00:01:17,080 of our agency and a lot of America I'm 9 00:01:21,030 --> 00:01:18,610 working from home still being really 10 00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:21,040 productive as is an incredible amount of 11 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:23,560 number of men and women for agency we 12 00:01:26,730 --> 00:01:24,490 want to introduce you to a couple 13 00:01:29,310 --> 00:01:26,740 gentlemen who are helping to launch the 14 00:01:31,950 --> 00:01:29,320 next Mars rover in just a minute so 15 00:01:35,190 --> 00:01:31,960 we're talking about this bad boy this is 16 00:01:37,110 --> 00:01:35,200 Mars 2020 recently named perseverance so 17 00:01:38,790 --> 00:01:37,120 we're excited for that excited for the 18 00:01:41,430 --> 00:01:38,800 name perseverance certainly that is a 19 00:01:43,620 --> 00:01:41,440 message that resonates with almost all 20 00:01:45,450 --> 00:01:43,630 of us today and as we talk about the 21 00:01:47,609 --> 00:01:45,460 spaceport series looking at the Kennedy 22 00:01:49,230 --> 00:01:47,619 Space Center we are honing in for our 23 00:01:51,510 --> 00:01:49,240 world on the launch services program 24 00:01:53,640 --> 00:01:51,520 they are managing the launch for 25 00:01:56,700 --> 00:01:53,650 perseverance here in just a few months 26 00:01:58,499 --> 00:01:56,710 so that's what's going on today please 27 00:02:00,510 --> 00:01:58,509 make sure to check out all the NASA at 28 00:02:02,040 --> 00:02:00,520 home material and especially make sure 29 00:02:03,990 --> 00:02:02,050 to send us your questions now on the 30 00:02:05,370 --> 00:02:04,000 chat window and let us know what you 31 00:02:06,960 --> 00:02:05,380 want to see in future episodes we're 32 00:02:08,400 --> 00:02:06,970 doing some planning for the future and 33 00:02:10,770 --> 00:02:08,410 would love to know what you'd like to 34 00:02:12,780 --> 00:02:10,780 hear but let's go ahead and jump right 35 00:02:14,460 --> 00:02:12,790 in here I want to bring on our two 36 00:02:16,080 --> 00:02:14,470 guests this this morning or afternoon 37 00:02:20,370 --> 00:02:16,090 depending upon where you're coming from 38 00:02:22,610 --> 00:02:20,380 first up on the the left there we've got 39 00:02:25,259 --> 00:02:22,620 Justin is it Mackey 40 00:02:26,850 --> 00:02:25,269 Justin Becky yeah Maggie sorry I'm not 41 00:02:29,100 --> 00:02:26,860 as good with left Nate or last names I 42 00:02:32,160 --> 00:02:29,110 need to work on that and then also we 43 00:02:34,380 --> 00:02:32,170 have Jim Bell Jim thanks for joining us 44 00:02:36,600 --> 00:02:34,390 you got that pronunciation right thank 45 00:02:40,320 --> 00:02:36,610 you perfect know that 46 00:02:43,380 --> 00:02:40,330 so hey so I want to quickly mention the 47 00:02:45,240 --> 00:02:43,390 fact that we're talking about a job 48 00:02:49,170 --> 00:02:45,250 title I just throw up I'm dealing with 49 00:02:50,789 --> 00:02:49,180 Mars 2020 and imaging but your full job 50 00:02:53,490 --> 00:02:50,799 titles we could not fit on screen 51 00:02:54,960 --> 00:02:53,500 together and I want to give you guys a 52 00:02:57,479 --> 00:02:54,970 chance to explain what you do because it 53 00:02:59,610 --> 00:02:57,489 is amazing and impressive and I'm a big 54 00:03:01,590 --> 00:02:59,620 fan just of the the work of exploring 55 00:03:01,979 --> 00:03:01,600 but I want to just let you guys take it 56 00:03:03,660 --> 00:03:01,989 away 57 00:03:05,250 --> 00:03:03,670 tell us about what you do and what does 58 00:03:08,870 --> 00:03:05,260 it mean to be an imaging scientist or a 59 00:03:12,660 --> 00:03:08,880 principal investigator for mastcam Z 60 00:03:14,460 --> 00:03:12,670 ahead Justin okay so I'm Justin Maki I 61 00:03:18,199 --> 00:03:14,470 am the imaging scientist for the Mars 62 00:03:19,770 --> 00:03:18,209 2020 Rover among my several types I also 63 00:03:24,150 --> 00:03:19,780 do 64 00:03:26,670 --> 00:03:24,160 engineer for the project and I'm also 65 00:03:30,120 --> 00:03:26,680 domestic MZ deputy PRI working with Jim 66 00:03:31,590 --> 00:03:30,130 so as part of my job both Jim and I 67 00:03:34,890 --> 00:03:31,600 we've been working on Mars rover 68 00:03:38,340 --> 00:03:34,900 missions for a long time over 20 years 69 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:38,350 and I've been doing a lot of the design 70 00:03:43,290 --> 00:03:40,090 and development of the imaging systems 71 00:03:46,650 --> 00:03:43,300 or the Rovers so that includes camera 72 00:03:48,990 --> 00:03:46,660 designs and specifications the system 73 00:03:51,660 --> 00:03:49,000 the imaging system which involves all 74 00:03:54,330 --> 00:03:51,670 software the processes the data and then 75 00:03:56,729 --> 00:03:54,340 on the rover itself and then processing 76 00:03:58,710 --> 00:03:56,739 the images on the ground so it's kind of 77 00:04:00,449 --> 00:03:58,720 a catch-all title but I work a lot with 78 00:04:01,650 --> 00:04:00,459 the science team I have a background of 79 00:04:03,270 --> 00:04:01,660 science and engineering 80 00:04:05,550 --> 00:04:03,280 so I do do a little bit of both and 81 00:04:07,260 --> 00:04:05,560 basically put the systems together and 82 00:04:12,420 --> 00:04:07,270 test it out and then do operations with 83 00:04:14,010 --> 00:04:12,430 the cameras on the server bars awesome 84 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:14,020 okay I'll go next 85 00:04:19,830 --> 00:04:18,010 so I'm Jim Bell I'm a professor at 86 00:04:23,690 --> 00:04:19,840 Arizona State University in the school 87 00:04:26,100 --> 00:04:23,700 of Earth space exploration I'm the 88 00:04:27,719 --> 00:04:26,110 president of the Planetary Society if we 89 00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:27,729 have any Planetary Society members out 90 00:04:33,180 --> 00:04:29,650 there great organization that promotes 91 00:04:35,430 --> 00:04:33,190 planetary exploration and education and 92 00:04:37,350 --> 00:04:35,440 I'm the principal investigator for the 93 00:04:39,719 --> 00:04:37,360 mastcam Zee camera system which we'll 94 00:04:42,090 --> 00:04:39,729 talk a lot more about that's on the 2020 95 00:04:44,310 --> 00:04:42,100 perseverance Rover so I work a lot with 96 00:04:46,140 --> 00:04:44,320 engineers worked with Justin as we said 97 00:04:48,780 --> 00:04:46,150 for 20 years going back to Mars 98 00:04:54,030 --> 00:04:48,790 Pathfinder spirit opportunity curiosity 99 00:04:56,010 --> 00:04:54,040 other other missions and my job is as 100 00:04:57,480 --> 00:04:56,020 the leader of the camera teams who try 101 00:05:00,990 --> 00:04:57,490 to integrate the science that we're 102 00:05:04,890 --> 00:05:01,000 trying to do geology a little bit of 103 00:05:07,560 --> 00:05:04,900 mineralogy some atmospheric science and 104 00:05:09,450 --> 00:05:07,570 also to help make sure the cameras can 105 00:05:11,370 --> 00:05:09,460 support all the engineering activities 106 00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:11,380 that are going on while driving arm 107 00:05:15,420 --> 00:05:13,570 placement things that that we'll talk a 108 00:05:17,640 --> 00:05:15,430 little bit more about here so we have a 109 00:05:20,700 --> 00:05:17,650 big team that's composed of a number of 110 00:05:23,070 --> 00:05:20,710 scientists other faculty members people 111 00:05:25,010 --> 00:05:23,080 at national laboratories students 112 00:05:28,140 --> 00:05:25,020 graduate students undergraduate students 113 00:05:31,290 --> 00:05:28,150 and that the nask MZ team is part of a 114 00:05:33,060 --> 00:05:31,300 larger science team overall for the 115 00:05:33,300 --> 00:05:33,070 rover and the science team is part of 116 00:05:35,160 --> 00:05:33,310 the 117 00:05:38,520 --> 00:05:35,170 sort of engineering team that includes 118 00:05:39,900 --> 00:05:38,530 the launch folks that at KSC and many 119 00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:39,910 others around the country around the 120 00:05:44,550 --> 00:05:43,090 world so it's it's just it's a lot of 121 00:05:47,490 --> 00:05:44,560 fun it's it's going to be a great great 122 00:05:48,750 --> 00:05:47,500 mission so let's jump right in here 123 00:05:50,730 --> 00:05:48,760 we're talking about imaging today 124 00:05:51,930 --> 00:05:50,740 obviously with the rover and it's 125 00:05:54,510 --> 00:05:51,940 something that people may not consider 126 00:05:56,100 --> 00:05:54,520 right away but tell me a little bit 127 00:05:57,780 --> 00:05:56,110 about what do we mean when we say 128 00:06:01,440 --> 00:05:57,790 imaging how many cameras are we talking 129 00:06:04,680 --> 00:06:01,450 about and what are they doing okay well 130 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:04,690 so the 2020 perseverance forever has 23 131 00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:07,570 cameras on on it which is the MoMA the 132 00:06:12,060 --> 00:06:09,610 most that we've ever flown the MSL 133 00:06:13,920 --> 00:06:12,070 curiosity rover had 17 which was the 134 00:06:17,790 --> 00:06:13,930 high-water mark at that point but now we 135 00:06:20,670 --> 00:06:17,800 have 23 and of those 23 cameras about 16 136 00:06:22,890 --> 00:06:20,680 of them are for engineering purposes and 137 00:06:24,930 --> 00:06:22,900 there's the diagram there showing a lot 138 00:06:26,940 --> 00:06:24,940 of the cameras that we have one of the 139 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:26,950 big changes with this mission is that we 140 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:29,050 have a next-generation engineering 141 00:06:33,710 --> 00:06:31,090 camera imaging system so those of you 142 00:06:35,940 --> 00:06:33,720 that know about MSL the Curiosity rover 143 00:06:38,250 --> 00:06:35,950 we have black and white cameras on that 144 00:06:40,290 --> 00:06:38,260 Rover for doing River navigation and 145 00:06:42,390 --> 00:06:40,300 drive designation things like that drive 146 00:06:44,550 --> 00:06:42,400 planning this time around and those are 147 00:06:46,920 --> 00:06:44,560 one megapixels on curiosity this time 148 00:06:50,490 --> 00:06:46,930 around we have 20 megapixel color 149 00:06:52,290 --> 00:06:50,500 cameras which are quite impressive in 150 00:06:55,440 --> 00:06:52,300 terms of their capabilities we've now 151 00:06:57,000 --> 00:06:55,450 taken some modern detectors we've 152 00:06:58,830 --> 00:06:57,010 incorporated them into the designs so 153 00:07:00,240 --> 00:06:58,840 that'll be a big change from previous 154 00:07:02,460 --> 00:07:00,250 missions but we will be having these 155 00:07:03,900 --> 00:07:02,470 high-resolution color photos of the 156 00:07:06,180 --> 00:07:03,910 landscape coming from the engineering 157 00:07:08,240 --> 00:07:06,190 cameras in addition to that we're going 158 00:07:10,770 --> 00:07:08,250 to have some high-speed video cameras 159 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:10,780 recording the EDL entry descent and 160 00:07:14,730 --> 00:07:12,970 landing phase so we're gonna have 161 00:07:17,160 --> 00:07:14,740 cameras pointing to the parachute which 162 00:07:20,490 --> 00:07:17,170 we'll be able to do take pictures of the 163 00:07:22,170 --> 00:07:20,500 parachute of expanding deploying and 164 00:07:26,100 --> 00:07:22,180 then we'll have cameras that are looking 165 00:07:27,750 --> 00:07:26,110 down at the rover on the road we're 166 00:07:29,580 --> 00:07:27,760 looking up at the sky crane as it's 167 00:07:31,050 --> 00:07:29,590 coming down and then two more cameras 168 00:07:33,420 --> 00:07:31,060 looking down on the ground so a lot more 169 00:07:35,460 --> 00:07:33,430 cameras a lot going on there engineering 170 00:07:37,470 --> 00:07:35,470 wise and then on the science side we 171 00:07:39,090 --> 00:07:37,480 also have improved capabilities for the 172 00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:39,100 cameras as well we have two cameras or 173 00:07:43,830 --> 00:07:41,290 three cameras on the arm which would do 174 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:43,840 high-resolution close-up photos and then 175 00:07:47,010 --> 00:07:45,970 up on the mast even you get the highest 176 00:07:48,960 --> 00:07:47,020 resolution camera 177 00:07:50,640 --> 00:07:48,970 of all we go to the mass MZ cameras and 178 00:07:52,350 --> 00:07:50,650 that's the Jim and I are working on what 179 00:07:53,730 --> 00:07:52,360 Jim is the pi/4 and Jim can talk about 180 00:07:55,550 --> 00:07:53,740 the mass KMZ cameras which are also 181 00:07:58,589 --> 00:07:55,560 improved over the last time 182 00:08:01,469 --> 00:07:58,599 yeah thanks Justin it's it really is an 183 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:01,479 impressive collection of cameras and 184 00:08:05,760 --> 00:08:03,970 I'll just point out in case people don't 185 00:08:09,719 --> 00:08:05,770 know there's a couple of microphones on 186 00:08:11,730 --> 00:08:09,729 the rover as well so assuming we land 187 00:08:13,830 --> 00:08:11,740 safely we'll be able to integrate some 188 00:08:15,740 --> 00:08:13,840 of that video at the sound and it should 189 00:08:24,689 --> 00:08:15,750 be really really spectacular 190 00:08:26,430 --> 00:08:24,699 that's the mast when you say microphones 191 00:08:28,439 --> 00:08:26,440 that's also a really interesting point 192 00:08:29,550 --> 00:08:28,449 that people don't think about are we is 193 00:08:32,430 --> 00:08:29,560 this the first time we're sending 194 00:08:33,959 --> 00:08:32,440 microphones to Mars well it's not the 195 00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:33,969 first time we're sending them that had 196 00:08:38,550 --> 00:08:36,010 been attempted previously they haven't 197 00:08:40,949 --> 00:08:38,560 worked so well hopefully this will be 198 00:08:42,930 --> 00:08:40,959 the first successful time the Planetary 199 00:08:44,670 --> 00:08:42,940 Society has been involved in previous 200 00:08:46,319 --> 00:08:44,680 attempts and we're hoping the whole 201 00:08:49,620 --> 00:08:46,329 project is hoping to share these sounds 202 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:49,630 at Mars but everybody awesome so I 203 00:08:54,329 --> 00:08:51,010 didn't mean to cut you off I just want 204 00:08:56,160 --> 00:08:54,339 to know it's really important but to go 205 00:08:58,230 --> 00:08:56,170 back to the the mass Kenzie's the camp 206 00:09:00,720 --> 00:08:58,240 that the two main science cameras up on 207 00:09:04,740 --> 00:09:00,730 the top of the mast there they're very 208 00:09:06,840 --> 00:09:04,750 much very similar to the cameras on the 209 00:09:09,150 --> 00:09:06,850 Curiosity rover there they're sort of 210 00:09:11,550 --> 00:09:09,160 evolutionary from from those cameras a 211 00:09:13,170 --> 00:09:11,560 curiosity has one wide-angle camera that 212 00:09:15,060 --> 00:09:13,180 can see the landscape and one angle on 213 00:09:17,430 --> 00:09:15,070 telephoto camera that can kind of zoom 214 00:09:18,900 --> 00:09:17,440 in so kind of a little bit of myopic 215 00:09:22,010 --> 00:09:18,910 vision makes it difficult not impossible 216 00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:22,020 but difficult to get stereo so the the 217 00:09:26,340 --> 00:09:24,250 innovation that we're adding now with 218 00:09:28,769 --> 00:09:26,350 with perseverance in mask MZ is that 219 00:09:30,540 --> 00:09:28,779 each camera is a zoom camera so they can 220 00:09:33,569 --> 00:09:30,550 go from both wide-angle give us a 221 00:09:36,949 --> 00:09:33,579 wide-angle stereo view to both telephoto 222 00:09:38,730 --> 00:09:36,959 zooming and really close at the Rovers 223 00:09:40,829 --> 00:09:38,740 landscape brightens frontcourt the 224 00:09:43,530 --> 00:09:40,839 distant horizon and we'll be able to 225 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:43,540 have matched focal length to be able to 226 00:09:49,980 --> 00:09:47,050 make 3d stereo anywhere we look and so 227 00:09:53,430 --> 00:09:49,990 we're anticipating doing a lot more 3d 228 00:09:55,560 --> 00:09:53,440 kind of topographic reconstructions 229 00:09:57,930 --> 00:09:55,570 digital terrain models you know 230 00:09:59,730 --> 00:09:57,940 simulated flyovers of the landscape and 231 00:10:00,690 --> 00:09:59,740 that kind of stuff at the highest 232 00:10:04,110 --> 00:10:00,700 resolution 233 00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:04,120 Kimsey office so I want to want to ask 234 00:10:07,770 --> 00:10:05,290 that question kind of thinking about 235 00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:07,780 curiosity obviously being on Mars 236 00:10:12,810 --> 00:10:09,850 already exploring and just people's 237 00:10:15,030 --> 00:10:12,820 general interest how what should people 238 00:10:16,920 --> 00:10:15,040 expect to see obviously we've seen some 239 00:10:19,320 --> 00:10:16,930 really cool things come from curiosity 240 00:10:21,870 --> 00:10:19,330 there was recently a giant panorama that 241 00:10:24,150 --> 00:10:21,880 was I think it's one of like the largest 242 00:10:26,340 --> 00:10:24,160 pixel images ever we've seen the 243 00:10:28,590 --> 00:10:26,350 beautiful unselfie images that it took 244 00:10:30,300 --> 00:10:28,600 with its robotic arm and out there so 245 00:10:33,300 --> 00:10:30,310 what are people gonna get a chance to 246 00:10:34,980 --> 00:10:33,310 see that they've never seen before well 247 00:10:36,570 --> 00:10:34,990 I think certainly we'll be doing a lot 248 00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:36,580 of that same kind of stuff and we should 249 00:10:40,950 --> 00:10:38,170 show some pictures of some of the 250 00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:40,960 equipment testing that allows do that 251 00:10:46,650 --> 00:10:43,810 kind of stuff as well but I think the 252 00:10:48,630 --> 00:10:46,660 big here's there's a nice shot of one of 253 00:10:50,550 --> 00:10:48,640 the masks NZ big booth in masks NZ 254 00:10:53,310 --> 00:10:50,560 cameras and just for scale it's hard to 255 00:10:55,890 --> 00:10:53,320 tell the scale it's sort of like maybe 256 00:10:57,870 --> 00:10:55,900 about the size of a can of tennis balls 257 00:11:01,080 --> 00:10:57,880 that you would you know take open some 258 00:11:03,440 --> 00:11:01,090 new tennis balls about that size and and 259 00:11:07,440 --> 00:11:03,450 all the zoom capability is inside the 260 00:11:09,480 --> 00:11:07,450 gold cylinder there but I think it's 261 00:11:11,310 --> 00:11:09,490 gonna be a combination of things that'll 262 00:11:13,590 --> 00:11:11,320 be new that the 3d capabilities 263 00:11:16,620 --> 00:11:13,600 certainly the high resolution capability 264 00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:16,630 that Justin mentioned or the for the 265 00:11:23,550 --> 00:11:18,570 engineering cameras and maybe we could 266 00:11:26,100 --> 00:11:23,560 show some of the lab testing data and 267 00:11:28,290 --> 00:11:26,110 Justin can talk about how we were able 268 00:11:30,870 --> 00:11:28,300 to do the work ahead of time to make 269 00:11:33,180 --> 00:11:30,880 sure we get there was really good 3d 270 00:11:34,860 --> 00:11:33,190 views yeah I can talk about that a 271 00:11:37,830 --> 00:11:34,870 little bit so the cameras that we put on 272 00:11:39,990 --> 00:11:37,840 the rotors are they're not like your 273 00:11:42,390 --> 00:11:40,000 cameras on your iPhone or the cameras 274 00:11:43,650 --> 00:11:42,400 that you buy in the store and one of the 275 00:11:45,750 --> 00:11:43,660 reasons is is because these are very 276 00:11:48,450 --> 00:11:45,760 carefully calibrated because they're 277 00:11:51,390 --> 00:11:48,460 scientific instruments basically that we 278 00:11:53,280 --> 00:11:51,400 use to measure the sizes and distances 279 00:11:55,920 --> 00:11:53,290 of things so that requires a very 280 00:11:57,690 --> 00:11:55,930 careful calibration to understand when 281 00:12:00,330 --> 00:11:57,700 we do see an image how we can interpret 282 00:12:01,980 --> 00:12:00,340 the scale we can do the stereo data that 283 00:12:03,480 --> 00:12:01,990 Jim was mentioning you have a left 284 00:12:05,760 --> 00:12:03,490 camera and a right camera and then you 285 00:12:08,490 --> 00:12:05,770 take picture from each and then you can 286 00:12:10,230 --> 00:12:08,500 basically project raids out into 3d 287 00:12:12,810 --> 00:12:10,240 space and intersect those rays it's 288 00:12:14,610 --> 00:12:12,820 called triangulation and that's that's a 289 00:12:16,170 --> 00:12:14,620 technique that we use right 290 00:12:18,810 --> 00:12:16,180 say the same thing our eyes and brain 291 00:12:21,630 --> 00:12:18,820 are doing all the time yes exactly in 292 00:12:24,570 --> 00:12:21,640 fact it's very similar in fact humans 293 00:12:27,300 --> 00:12:24,580 are extremely good at doing image 294 00:12:28,950 --> 00:12:27,310 processing just average person can 295 00:12:30,570 --> 00:12:28,960 interpret thousands of objects and the 296 00:12:32,580 --> 00:12:30,580 distances without even thinking about it 297 00:12:34,650 --> 00:12:32,590 it's actually kind of amazing so we have 298 00:12:37,050 --> 00:12:34,660 to do implement that same capability on 299 00:12:39,330 --> 00:12:37,060 the rover it's called machine vision or 300 00:12:40,560 --> 00:12:39,340 robotic vision and it's actually it 301 00:12:42,660 --> 00:12:40,570 takes a fair amount of processing power 302 00:12:44,310 --> 00:12:42,670 to do that and if you I don't know if we 303 00:12:46,020 --> 00:12:44,320 can show the pictures of the calibration 304 00:12:47,670 --> 00:12:46,030 but it requires a lot of careful 305 00:12:49,020 --> 00:12:47,680 calibration in the laboratory and 306 00:12:51,180 --> 00:12:49,030 there's a picture of some of our team 307 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:51,190 members there from smz that's a 308 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:53,050 radiometric calibration picture there we 309 00:12:56,490 --> 00:12:54,850 also also have to measure the ability of 310 00:12:58,020 --> 00:12:56,500 the cameras to detect light and how 311 00:13:00,180 --> 00:12:58,030 sensitive it is so that when we see 312 00:13:01,950 --> 00:13:00,190 certain spectral signatures were able to 313 00:13:04,230 --> 00:13:01,960 interpret that so you get the colors 314 00:13:05,730 --> 00:13:04,240 right exactly yes and give colors right 315 00:13:08,010 --> 00:13:05,740 which is very important as everybody 316 00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:08,020 knows because everyone's used to it now 317 00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:10,450 their cameras that they purchased you 318 00:13:14,250 --> 00:13:11,770 know that smartphone cameras are very 319 00:13:15,780 --> 00:13:14,260 good at color keep it very good color 320 00:13:17,550 --> 00:13:15,790 capabilities there's a lot of work that 321 00:13:19,860 --> 00:13:17,560 goes behind that that you don't see when 322 00:13:21,630 --> 00:13:19,870 you turn on your smartphone so this is 323 00:13:23,310 --> 00:13:21,640 sort of a behind-the-scenes look at what 324 00:13:24,900 --> 00:13:23,320 we have to do to get the cameras ready 325 00:13:27,360 --> 00:13:24,910 and here's a picture of a geometric 326 00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:27,370 target which is the way that we do the 327 00:13:31,320 --> 00:13:28,810 calibration I talked about where it's a 328 00:13:33,450 --> 00:13:31,330 very careful geometric every single 329 00:13:35,880 --> 00:13:33,460 pixel in an image we know exactly where 330 00:13:38,780 --> 00:13:35,890 that pixel points and so if we have a 2 331 00:13:41,100 --> 00:13:38,790 megapixel camera we have two million 332 00:13:42,450 --> 00:13:41,110 vectors that tell us where all those 333 00:13:43,860 --> 00:13:42,460 pixels are pointing to and in the case 334 00:13:46,290 --> 00:13:43,870 of the engineering cameras we have 20 335 00:13:47,820 --> 00:13:46,300 million vectors per camera so it was a 336 00:13:51,570 --> 00:13:47,830 lot of careful calibration I think the 337 00:13:52,860 --> 00:13:51,580 next photo shows the see what the next 338 00:13:55,770 --> 00:13:52,870 one is I think yeah there we go there's 339 00:13:57,660 --> 00:13:55,780 another target there we are we also have 340 00:13:59,610 --> 00:13:57,670 to measure the capability of the focus 341 00:14:00,960 --> 00:13:59,620 on the sharpness of the canvas with mass 342 00:14:01,830 --> 00:14:00,970 Kimsey that's especially important 343 00:14:05,280 --> 00:14:01,840 because it's one of our highest 344 00:14:07,320 --> 00:14:05,290 resolution imagers that we have and then 345 00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:07,330 when the Rovers all get or the cameras 346 00:14:12,410 --> 00:14:09,010 all get delivered to the rover I think 347 00:14:14,520 --> 00:14:12,420 the next photo that we have shows the 348 00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:14,530 alignment measurements that we do I'm 349 00:14:18,540 --> 00:14:16,930 sorry there's another photo that's hard 350 00:14:21,750 --> 00:14:18,550 work for they where they finished all 351 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:21,760 the wiring harnesses yeah yeah and you 352 00:14:24,930 --> 00:14:23,170 can imagine there's a lot of wires that 353 00:14:26,460 --> 00:14:24,940 have to be all check and double-check 354 00:14:28,240 --> 00:14:26,470 this and that's what that photo is I 355 00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:28,250 think the next picture is 356 00:14:31,660 --> 00:14:29,690 picture where the cameras are now 357 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:31,670 mounted on the rover itself and we're 358 00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:34,130 taking a picture of a target which for 359 00:14:41,890 --> 00:14:40,010 us is sort of the sign that there you go 360 00:14:44,410 --> 00:14:41,900 there's still there's the crystal so 361 00:14:45,910 --> 00:14:44,420 this picture here is a sign that we're 362 00:14:47,290 --> 00:14:45,920 approaching the end of our integration 363 00:14:48,430 --> 00:14:47,300 phase but that means that all the 364 00:14:50,410 --> 00:14:48,440 cameras have been mounted on the rover 365 00:14:52,420 --> 00:14:50,420 and we put one of these geometric 366 00:14:55,720 --> 00:14:52,430 targets down on the floor and then we 367 00:14:56,890 --> 00:14:55,730 take require images of those that target 368 00:14:59,050 --> 00:14:56,900 I'm not sure if you can make it out in 369 00:15:02,400 --> 00:14:59,060 the webcast but that target contains 370 00:15:06,610 --> 00:15:02,410 that particular target contains 40 by 40 371 00:15:08,140 --> 00:15:06,620 dot 1600 dots on it and we measure the 372 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:08,150 position of all those dots in the real 373 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:10,010 world which we call the real-world 3d 374 00:15:13,720 --> 00:15:12,170 space and then we map that back into the 375 00:15:15,370 --> 00:15:13,730 two-dimensional space of the cameras and 376 00:15:16,630 --> 00:15:15,380 all the cameras are a majority of 377 00:15:18,130 --> 00:15:16,640 cameras on the rover 378 00:15:21,280 --> 00:15:18,140 look at that target and then we know 379 00:15:24,490 --> 00:15:21,290 exactly how everything is aligned so 380 00:15:25,750 --> 00:15:24,500 really excited about this we're really 381 00:15:27,220 --> 00:15:25,760 excited at the mission we're excited 382 00:15:29,200 --> 00:15:27,230 about the new capabilities on all the 383 00:15:30,250 --> 00:15:29,210 cameras especially mass cams Eve Jim and 384 00:15:32,740 --> 00:15:30,260 I have been working on her for many 385 00:15:33,790 --> 00:15:32,750 years now and I don't know if Jim you 386 00:15:35,380 --> 00:15:33,800 want to talk a little bit more about 387 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:35,390 masks um see and it may be just that 388 00:15:39,850 --> 00:15:37,010 Josh didn't Joshua can you show that 389 00:15:44,710 --> 00:15:39,860 that zoom animation this is some data 390 00:15:48,250 --> 00:15:44,720 that we took with the mask m-z system a 391 00:15:49,720 --> 00:15:48,260 lot of laboratory window of the the 392 00:15:52,960 --> 00:15:49,730 colleagues that we work with that male 393 00:15:54,490 --> 00:15:52,970 and space science systems in the 394 00:15:57,670 --> 00:15:54,500 cleanroom they look out the window of 395 00:16:00,820 --> 00:15:57,680 the cleanroom and and we're able to zoom 396 00:16:02,680 --> 00:16:00,830 on to some some houses off in a distant 397 00:16:04,150 --> 00:16:02,690 distant Ridge and those houses are about 398 00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:04,160 a kilometer away so you can see the 399 00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:07,310 wide-angle capability to the telephoto 400 00:16:12,250 --> 00:16:10,490 capability of the cameras so we'll 401 00:16:14,290 --> 00:16:12,260 really be able to zoom in on the world 402 00:16:16,630 --> 00:16:14,300 of course the world will be Mars the 403 00:16:18,520 --> 00:16:16,640 world will be jezero crater this amazing 404 00:16:20,410 --> 00:16:18,530 landing site where there's a delta 405 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:20,420 that's coming down from the inner rim 406 00:16:26,140 --> 00:16:24,010 and there was a leak in a shallow water 407 00:16:28,540 --> 00:16:26,150 environment and we can see interesting 408 00:16:30,700 --> 00:16:28,550 mineral signatures from orbit and first 409 00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:30,710 we're going to try to find out if we can 410 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:32,210 find more evidence about the past 411 00:16:37,300 --> 00:16:34,850 habitability in the past evidence for 412 00:16:39,160 --> 00:16:37,310 life on Mars so we're super excited 413 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:39,170 about this mission yes there's a 414 00:16:43,699 --> 00:16:40,770 question from social 415 00:16:45,380 --> 00:16:43,709 to ask how fast will it take for the 416 00:16:47,480 --> 00:16:45,390 images to get back to earth 417 00:16:49,490 --> 00:16:47,490 so obviously we've got several months of 418 00:16:50,690 --> 00:16:49,500 flight there but once we land how long 419 00:16:54,620 --> 00:16:50,700 shall we start getting these beautiful 420 00:16:57,800 --> 00:16:54,630 images back to earth well I can take 421 00:16:59,329 --> 00:16:57,810 that one Jim when we land just like 422 00:17:02,150 --> 00:16:59,339 dynamic so we take we actually acquire 423 00:17:04,640 --> 00:17:02,160 some images right after we walk from the 424 00:17:05,780 --> 00:17:04,650 has camp so those are the cameras that I 425 00:17:07,490 --> 00:17:05,790 don't know if we have the picture of it 426 00:17:09,500 --> 00:17:07,500 but there they're mounted to the rover 427 00:17:11,419 --> 00:17:09,510 body-fixed mounted and they're kind of 428 00:17:12,910 --> 00:17:11,429 on the underside and so we'll get 429 00:17:15,650 --> 00:17:12,920 pictures from those cameras right away 430 00:17:18,590 --> 00:17:15,660 super wide angle we have a very wide 431 00:17:20,270 --> 00:17:18,600 angle fisheye lenses over 130 degree 432 00:17:22,150 --> 00:17:20,280 field of view so they will catch you 433 00:17:24,230 --> 00:17:22,160 know the area right around the river 434 00:17:25,819 --> 00:17:24,240 depending on the links 435 00:17:26,809 --> 00:17:25,829 those could come down right away or 436 00:17:28,910 --> 00:17:26,819 they're come down in the first 437 00:17:30,820 --> 00:17:28,920 communications past after landing which 438 00:17:33,440 --> 00:17:30,830 would be within you know a couple hours 439 00:17:34,820 --> 00:17:33,450 so those would be the first pictures the 440 00:17:36,799 --> 00:17:34,830 covers on those cameras will likely 441 00:17:39,260 --> 00:17:36,809 they'll still be deployed and there will 442 00:17:41,540 --> 00:17:39,270 likely be debris on the covers so they 443 00:17:42,830 --> 00:17:41,550 may may be a little dirty as you've seen 444 00:17:45,200 --> 00:17:42,840 on some of our other land previous 445 00:17:48,260 --> 00:17:45,210 landings those images would be the first 446 00:17:50,240 --> 00:17:48,270 ones and then within a day or two or a 447 00:17:53,290 --> 00:17:50,250 saw I'll call the Martian days assault 448 00:17:56,330 --> 00:17:53,300 the rover master deploys that's that 449 00:17:57,710 --> 00:17:56,340 that white a mastiff deploys up like 450 00:18:00,410 --> 00:17:57,720 this and can point the cameras around 451 00:18:01,850 --> 00:18:00,420 like that down on deploy and then we'll 452 00:18:03,380 --> 00:18:01,860 start to get our full-color panorama 453 00:18:04,520 --> 00:18:03,390 from the surface so to be within a day 454 00:18:06,500 --> 00:18:04,530 or two we should have some really nice 455 00:18:09,260 --> 00:18:06,510 color pictures from this remark and and 456 00:18:11,570 --> 00:18:09,270 then we'll go into this mode of you know 457 00:18:13,669 --> 00:18:11,580 every every morning the earth will 458 00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:13,679 communicate a set of commands to the 459 00:18:17,540 --> 00:18:16,050 rover the rubber will go off and execute 460 00:18:19,820 --> 00:18:17,550 those commands and when one of the 461 00:18:21,650 --> 00:18:19,830 orbiters NASA orbiters passes overhead 462 00:18:24,919 --> 00:18:21,660 or or the European orbiter passes 463 00:18:27,919 --> 00:18:24,929 overhead relay the data back and back to 464 00:18:29,720 --> 00:18:27,929 the earth so some days we'll get a few 465 00:18:31,370 --> 00:18:29,730 images some days we'll get hundreds of 466 00:18:33,830 --> 00:18:31,380 images just depends on whether we're 467 00:18:35,960 --> 00:18:33,840 doing a Big Ben some days we'll get 468 00:18:37,940 --> 00:18:35,970 other kinds of data from the many other 469 00:18:39,860 --> 00:18:37,950 instruments that the robots carrying 470 00:18:42,440 --> 00:18:39,870 including this so-called squiggly line 471 00:18:45,320 --> 00:18:42,450 instruments so it'll be a mixture of all 472 00:18:47,169 --> 00:18:45,330 that data coming back daily and of 473 00:18:49,700 --> 00:18:47,179 course the team at least for the first 474 00:18:53,180 --> 00:18:49,710 three three months or so will be living 475 00:18:54,409 --> 00:18:53,190 on Mars time at at JPL with our time 476 00:18:55,669 --> 00:18:54,419 slowly 477 00:18:57,859 --> 00:18:55,679 shifting through the earth day because 478 00:19:00,919 --> 00:18:57,869 the Mars days was 40 minutes longer than 479 00:19:02,749 --> 00:19:00,929 the earth day so it'll be crazy it'll be 480 00:19:03,799 --> 00:19:02,759 wonderful and really exciting and we're 481 00:19:05,450 --> 00:19:03,809 really looking forward to sharing it 482 00:19:07,190 --> 00:19:05,460 will be awesome 483 00:19:09,289 --> 00:19:07,200 well gentlemen Jim Justin preciate you 484 00:19:10,519 --> 00:19:09,299 both good luck to both of you obviously 485 00:19:12,529 --> 00:19:10,529 we're super excited to see this thing 486 00:19:14,210 --> 00:19:12,539 fly and then before you know it we'll be 487 00:19:18,889 --> 00:19:14,220 on Mars once again with a brand new 488 00:19:20,570 --> 00:19:18,899 Rover and bringing images yeah watching 489 00:19:22,489 --> 00:19:20,580 and watching mid-july February 490 00:19:24,409 --> 00:19:22,499 eighteenth 2021 landing it's gonna be 491 00:19:29,259 --> 00:19:24,419 exciting be there mark your calendar all 492 00:19:31,039 --> 00:19:29,269 right thanks guys thanks all right so 493 00:19:32,629 --> 00:19:31,049 thank you so much for those that 494 00:19:34,009 --> 00:19:32,639 submitted questions and are watching 495 00:19:36,379 --> 00:19:34,019 online please feel free to continue so 496 00:19:37,489 --> 00:19:36,389 many questions also be sure to let us 497 00:19:39,830 --> 00:19:37,499 know what you'd like to see on future 498 00:19:42,739 --> 00:19:39,840 episodes want to hit a couple other 499 00:19:45,710 --> 00:19:42,749 topics like I normally do specifically I 500 00:19:48,200 --> 00:19:45,720 want to hit on this at home so lots more 501 00:19:50,739 --> 00:19:48,210 products besides our spaceport series 502 00:19:53,899 --> 00:19:50,749 here so you can go to the website NASA 503 00:19:55,489 --> 00:19:53,909 nasa.gov slash NASA at home and check 504 00:19:57,229 --> 00:19:55,499 out all that's there so highlighting a 505 00:19:59,060 --> 00:19:57,239 couple specific thing or one specific 506 00:20:01,369 --> 00:19:59,070 thing today inside the videos section 507 00:20:03,529 --> 00:20:01,379 there's some really cool Ultra High 508 00:20:05,029 --> 00:20:03,539 Definition video content you can go look 509 00:20:06,710 --> 00:20:05,039 at specifically there's this really 510 00:20:07,820 --> 00:20:06,720 awesome video talking about how we are 511 00:20:10,249 --> 00:20:07,830 going to the moon 512 00:20:12,739 --> 00:20:10,259 it's a 4k feature basically looking at 513 00:20:13,759 --> 00:20:12,749 one big world on the moon we're going 514 00:20:15,109 --> 00:20:13,769 back to the moon and how we're doing 515 00:20:16,909 --> 00:20:15,119 that through the Artemis program there 516 00:20:19,299 --> 00:20:16,919 so super exciting to see that all 517 00:20:22,639 --> 00:20:19,309 playing out also want to highlight a few 518 00:20:25,310 --> 00:20:22,649 social media things for you specifically 519 00:20:27,109 --> 00:20:25,320 we've got some some exciting things 520 00:20:29,299 --> 00:20:27,119 happening this past week we had a huge 521 00:20:31,549 --> 00:20:29,309 announcement getting ready to assign 522 00:20:33,649 --> 00:20:31,559 some flights for science to be done in 523 00:20:35,180 --> 00:20:33,659 advance of sustainable presence on the 524 00:20:37,340 --> 00:20:35,190 moon we're hoping to have boots on the 525 00:20:40,279 --> 00:20:37,350 moon first woman the next man 2024 and 526 00:20:42,710 --> 00:20:40,289 then sustainable presence 2028 that is 527 00:20:43,930 --> 00:20:42,720 the target and we are headed there full 528 00:20:46,639 --> 00:20:43,940 steam ahead 529 00:20:49,879 --> 00:20:46,649 next up we wanted to say goodbye to the 530 00:20:52,009 --> 00:20:49,889 Dragon 1 it completed its final cargo 531 00:20:53,570 --> 00:20:52,019 resupply mission Dragon 2 will be coming 532 00:20:56,810 --> 00:20:53,580 online later this year we're excited for 533 00:20:59,370 --> 00:20:56,820 that but certainly another page turned 534 00:21:00,870 --> 00:20:59,380 on the history books an exciting one 535 00:21:02,630 --> 00:21:00,880 one and a very productive one at that 536 00:21:04,950 --> 00:21:02,640 and then last but certainly not least 537 00:21:08,150 --> 00:21:04,960 this is the week that we celebrate 538 00:21:11,550 --> 00:21:08,160 Apollo 13 and a successful failure of 539 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:11,560 finding out what NASA is really made of 540 00:21:15,360 --> 00:21:13,570 that famous line failure is not an 541 00:21:17,190 --> 00:21:15,370 option that is what we certainly lived 542 00:21:19,380 --> 00:21:17,200 by in that moment and we are proud to 543 00:21:21,600 --> 00:21:19,390 say that we all those men came home 544 00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:21,610 safely so cool history there there's 545 00:21:24,990 --> 00:21:23,410 lots of things on TV today lots of 546 00:21:26,970 --> 00:21:25,000 things online you can find there mr. 547 00:21:28,440 --> 00:21:26,980 Brian son or administrator getting a 548 00:21:30,570 --> 00:21:28,450 shout out to a documentary that was done 549 00:21:32,400 --> 00:21:30,580 on bringing those guys home safely 550 00:21:35,010 --> 00:21:32,410 that's gonna do all for us here today 551 00:21:37,290 --> 00:21:35,020 for from the Kennedy Space Center sort 552 00:21:39,210 --> 00:21:37,300 of I'm Josh with Santora we'll see you